Relationship of Sin Nombre Virus and Stress on the Immunocompetence of Peromyscus maniculatus

Hantaviruses occur worldwide, but the Sin Nombre (SNV) strain is highly prevalent in the southwestern US.  Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are the natural reservoir for SNV. Deer mice infected with SNV remain infected for life, but do not exhibit symptoms.   However, it is unknown to what extent environmental stressors influence the immune response of deer mice to SNV.   Likewise, it is unclear how responding to SNV impacts the general immunocompetence of deer mice.  Our objectives are to determine how the virus-specific and general immunocompetence of deer mice infected with SNV fluctuates across seasons, compared to their uninfected counterparts. As part of this research, we are conducting a mark-recapture study, in which deer mice are trapped monthly from April to November.  We are collecting blood samples and demographic information (e.g. reproductive status, body mass) from all individuals.  To assess the immune response of deer mice to SNV, we will measure SNV antibody titers using titration ELISA.  General immunocompetence will be assessed by quantifying antibacterial activity of deer mouse serum cultured with E. coli.  This research will illustrate the extent to which environmental factors influence the ability of wild animals to respond to endemic pathogens.