Hierarchical Predictors of Rejection Sensitivity among Attachment, Perceived Parental Rejection, and Romantic Relationship Breakup Initiation

The major goal of this study was to synthesize previous findings of rejection sensitivity in relation to different social realms (intrapersonal, familial, and romantic) while considering attachment theory, parental acceptance/rejection theory, gender differences, and the effects of romantic relationship breakup initiation in predicting rejection sensitivity among young adults.  A sample of 147 (102 females) university students was assessed on self-report measures of rejection sensitivity, generalized attachment anxiety and avoidance, perceived parental rejection, and romantic relationship history.  The majority of students (n = 128) had previously experienced a romantic relationship breakup.  Generalized attachment anxiety and avoidance, as well as paternal rejection, were significantly positively correlated with rejection sensitivity.  No significant differences between males and females were found on rejection sensitivity scores.  No significant differences were found on rejection sensitivity scores as a function of role in the initiation of recent romantic relationship breakups (self-initiated, mutual, or partner-initiated).  A hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that generalized attachment (anxiety and avoidance) scores were significant in predicting 10 percent of the variance in rejection sensitivity scores after controlling for perceived parental rejection scores. Attachment anxiety was the most significant predictor of rejection sensitivity.  Results from the study support implications of prior theories of rejection sensitivity, parental acceptance/rejection, and symbolic interaction in interpersonal relationships.  Limitations and practical implications are discussed for counselors and therapists who work with emerging adults in university settings.